Oh, the Places You’ll Go!

Ritchie Robertson, in his book The Enlightenment, opens his chapter on cosmopolitanism with the observation that “[a]n ideal of the Enlightenment was to be a cosmopolitan or ‘citizen of the world’.” [p. 600] As always with Robertson, he himself traverses a wide terrain, elucidating along the way that nothing is exactly as it seems.

Vain Hope!

Jacques Bertaux, “The storming of the Tuileries Palace on 10 August 1792” (1793)

“Vain hope! The moral possibility is lacking, and a moment so prodigal of opportunity finds a generation unprepared to receive it.”—Friedrich Schiller

A recent Times Literary Supplement opened with a review by Ritchie Robertson entitled “Liberty in danger: The failure of enlightened hopes.” Within it, Robertson offers the observation that the French Revolution “did not bring freedom because the people conducting it were not free.” [TLS, 2/2/24, p.4]